A rare “flesh-eating bacteria” that can kill within 48 hours is spreading in Japan following the relaxation of Covid-19 restrictions. The disease, known as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), has seen a significant rise in cases, with 977 reported by June 2 this year, surpassing last year’s total of 941 cases, according to Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases. This is the highest number since the institute began tracking the disease in 1999.
Understanding STSS and its Causes
STSS is caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS), a bacterium that usually results in mild illnesses like strep throat in children. However, certain strains can rapidly progress, causing severe symptoms such as limb pain, swelling, fever, low blood pressure, and necrosis. These symptoms can quickly escalate to breathing problems, organ failure, and death. Individuals over the age of 50 are particularly susceptible to the disease.
“Most of the deaths happen within 48 hours,” explains Ken Kikuchi, a professor of infectious diseases at Tokyo Women’s Medical University. “For example, if a patient notices swelling in their foot in the morning, it can spread to the knee by noon, and they may succumb to the disease within two days.”
Global Rise in Invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) Disease
Japan is not alone in facing an increase in STSS cases. In late 2022, at least five European countries reported a surge in invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) diseases to the World Health Organization. This rise in infections also coincided with the lifting of Covid-19 restrictions.
If the current infection rate continues, Japan could see as many as 2,500 STSS cases this year, with a mortality rate that Professor Kikuchi describes as “terrifying” at 30%.
Preventative Measures
Professor Kikuchi stresses the importance of maintaining hand hygiene and properly treating any open wounds to prevent infection. He notes that GAS can be carried in the intestines and can contaminate hands through contact with feces.
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Conclusion
As Japan faces a rapid spread of STSS, awareness and preventative measures are crucial. With the potential for a high mortality rate, understanding the risks and maintaining strict hygiene practices can help mitigate the spread of this deadly bacteria.
Also read: COVID-19’s Lingering Shadow: Long-Term Health Complications Still Emerging Three Years Later
